Multiple factors undermine cooker effectiveness including resources, cost, and breaks
Patrice M. **__Rodgers 1994__** (Solar Box Cookers in Zimbabwe: The Introduction of a Radical Innovation in Cooking, http://solarcooking.org/zimb-the.htm)

Cultural beliefs, patriarchy and cooking styles discourage solar box cooker use 
**__Interpress service 7-31__** (July 31, 2007 Wednesday Kenya; Switch On the Sun to Get Cooking, lexis) 

Africans will never adopt solar box cookers- lack of environmental concern and distrust of foreigners. 
William Noble **__Grundy 1995__** (“Solar Cookers and Social Classes in Southern Africa” Techné: Journal of Technology Studie Gray Norton, ed Vol. V, Winter 1995. pp. 3-7., [[http://noble.gs.washington.edu/%7Enoble/safrica1.htm|http://noble.gs.washington.edu/~noble/safrica1.htm]]) 

Culture and beliefs cause Africans to reject Solar box cookers.
**__BioPact__** 5-2, **__2007__** (Gender and energy: why biofuels can benefit rural women http://biopact.com/2007/05/gender-and-energy-why-biofuels-can.html) 

Box cookers don’t reach high enough temperatures to be effective 
Ferdinand **__Kroon No Date Given__** (Solar cookers in developing countries [[http://www.its.caltech.edu/%7Ee105/readings/solarcookers.pdf|http://www.its.caltech.edu/~e105/readings/solarcookers.pdf]]) 

Box cooker programs empirically fail- they cannot cook for large families and are too expensive 
Ferdinand **__Kroon No Date Given__** (Solar cookers in developing countries [[http://www.its.caltech.edu/%7Ee105/readings/solarcookers.pdf|http://www.its.caltech.edu/~e105/readings/solarcookers.pdf]]) 


The pots necessary to the ovens don’t fit within the oven  
Merridy **__Wilson__** and J Maryann **__Green__** (The feasibility of introducing solar ovens to rural 
women in Maphephethe, ISSN 0378-5254 Tydskrif vir Gesinsekologie en Verbruikerswetenskappe, Vol 28, 2000 http://www.up.ac.za/academic/acadorgs/saafecs/vol28/wilson.pdf) 


Solar Box cookers are not practical- they don’t function during the winter and require sun glasses in order to prevent blindness 
**__The Herald 2004__** (Africa News, November 19, 2004, Zimbabwe; Solar: Best Solution to Energy Crisis, lexis)

Solar box cookers don’t spread 
Dr. **__Roy__** R**__.__** Grundy **__and__** William N. **__Grundy No Date Given__** (http://solarcooking.org/lesotho1.htm) 

Neighbors don’t promote Solar Box cookers- they don’t spread from select areas. 
Patrice M. **__Rodgers 1994__** (Solar Box Cookers in Zimbabwe: The Introduction of a Radical Innovation in Cooking, http://solarcooking.org/zimb-the.htm) 

Neighbors live to far away for the box cookers to diffuse throughout Africa.
Patrice M. **__Rodgers 1994__** (Solar Box Cookers in Zimbabwe: The Introduction of a Radical Innovation in Cooking, http://solarcooking.org/zimb-the.htm)

Box Cookers are rejected because they fail to accommodate African tradition
Patrice M. **__Rodgers 1994__** (Solar Box Cookers in Zimbabwe: The Introduction of a Radical Innovation in Cooking, http://solarcooking.org/zimb-the.htm)